Divorce Attorney , Divorce Lawyer


What You Need to Know about Divorce



A marriage relies upon a legal contract that joins you and your married person along in an exceedingly relationship that's each social and written agreement. wedding entitles every of you to bound rights and needs that you just fulfill bound responsibilities. A divorce could be a proceeding that terminates the matrimony between you and your married person. The person filing for divorce is named the "plaintiff" or "petitioner" and therefore the different party is named the "defendant" or "respondent"

Residency necessities for Divorce

Divorce could be a matter of state law. you need to be a legal resident of the state during which you file for divorce. Legal residency implies that you have got lived within the state for an explicit quantity of your time otherwise you did therefore recently, like inside the previous ninety days. Either party to the divorce will file primarily based upon residency. As long united person could be a resident, it doesn't matter wherever the opposite party lives.



Grounds for Divorce

Most states enable you to file for divorce supported bound grounds. "Grounds" seek advice from the explanations for the divorce, and these reasons will vary from state to state. Grounds might embrace fornication or abuse. Some states can grant a divorce if your married person has been confined for over one year. many countries conjointly enable divorces supported irreconcilable  variations, which implies you and your married person not get on in such some way that the wedding is maintained. Usually this can be} often referred to as "no-fault" divorce, that means no blame is allotted to you or your married person.

Contested or oppose Divorce

A divorce typically takes one in all 2 forms. in an exceedingly "contested" divorce, the parties don't agree on a way to resolve the marital status problems, or one person needs the divorce and therefore the different doesn't. controversial problems will embrace support payment, support payment, kid custody, and the way to separate the marital status assets. If the spouses cannot reach Associate in Nursing agreement on these matters, oppose divorces are  determined by a decide. Associate in Nursing "uncontested" divorce suggests that each parties comply with the divorce and have reached a mutual agreement on a way to resolve the marital status problems while not the court's facilitate.

Final Decree of Divorce




A divorce can not be undone. when you and your married person have responded to the divorce method and every one matters are resolved, the decide can sign the ultimate divorce decree. Once this happens, you and your married person are de jure unmarried . If you and your married person later decide that you just need to reconcile, you may ought to acquire a replacement license and wed in whichever state you select.

A lawyer will facilitate

The law encompassing divorce and every one of its aspects is sophisticated. Plus, the facts of every case are distinctive. this text provides a short, general introduction to the subject. For a lot of careful, specific data, please contact a lawyer.

Do I Need a Lawyer for a Divorce?


Even if your divorce is friendly and you have reached a mutual agreement together with your better half concerning custody and property, getting facilitate from knowledgeable is commonly an honest plan. A divorce decree may be a writ and it may have an effect on you for the remainder of your life. Mistakes may be arduous or not possible to undo, therefore you would like to form positive you catch on right the primary time.

Divorce Attorneys is aware of the Law

Divorce laws aren't "one size fits all," and each case is completely different. State laws vary and a neighborhood lawyer can understand your rights beneath the system in your state. If your divorce is oppose, associate lawyer can understand whether or not the terms you have figured out ar truthful. If your better half is contesting the divorce, a professional are going to be in a very position to fulfill that challenge and advocate for your best interests in court.

An lawyer will not Overlook Details

When you are navigating through a divorce, you'll profit by having a whole understanding of all the problems concerned, like the worth of your assets and the way you must divide those assets together with your better half. This data may be found by exploitation legal discovery ways like depositions, subpoenas and requests for your better half to provide documents. Attorneys skills to use these tools, and that they skills to investigate the data once it's uncovered.

An lawyer can Handle Follow-up Details

Your divorce isn't essentially over after you receive a decree. for instance, a decide may order your relation spousal equivalent spouse equivalent} to share a pension or other assets with you, however the decree may not mechanically divide those assets. additional work can seemingly be needed to realize this. after you retain associate lawyer to handle your divorce, the lawyer typically takes care of those follow-up tasks.

An lawyer isn't continuously Necessary

If you and your better half don't have any kids, own little or no property, don't have a lot of debt and have solely been married a brief time, a divorce will typically be completed with a minimum of fuss. you would possibly be able to handle the work yourself, however you must still raise associate lawyer to review the documents before you file something with the court. A professional will certify you haven't created any serious mistakes. several attorneys can look over your documents associated charge you simply an hourly rate. you do not have to be compelled to retain the lawyer to handle the whole divorce method.

A attorney will facilitate

The law close divorce is sophisticated. Plus, the facts of every case are distinctive. this text provides a short, general introduction to the subject. For additional elaborated, specific data, please contact a attorney.


Grounds for Divorce

The law needs that you just offer the court a reason to grant your divorce. to induce the method started, you want to state your reason, or grounds, during a divorce grievance or petition. Since 2010, all fifty states acknowledge "no-fault" divorce grounds, therefore you just declare that your wedding is over.

Some States are  "Pure" No-Fault States

Some states don't acknowledge fault grounds in the least. In these states, you declare in your grievance that you justr wedding is "irretrievably broken" or that you and your relative have "irreconcilable variations." you do not got to say why your wedding stone-broke down or what your variations ar. the concept behind no-fault divorce is that neither relative blames the opposite for the tip of the wedding.

Some States need a Separation amount

Some no-fault states need neither that you justr wedding be irretrievably broken nor that you have irreconcilable  variations. In these states, living except your relative for a precise quantity of your time is proof enough for the court that your wedding is over. Your separation amount may be as short as six months or as long as 5 years, counting on wherever you reside. Some states additionally need that you just live severally for a time so as to file on irrecoverable breakdown or irreconcilable  variations grounds.

Fault Grounds need Proof

Some states give you the choice of filing on no-fault or fault grounds. inclined fault grounds embrace criminal conversation, cruelty, and abandonment or desertion. If you utilize fault grounds, you cannot simply tell the court that your relative was cruel to you, you want to prove it. If you do not provide convincing proof, the court won't grant your divorce. Your relative additionally has the correct to supply a defense against your grounds.

Fault Grounds will have an effect on support payment and Property

If you file for divorce on fault grounds, your relative would possibly contest the divorce as a result of it will have an effect on the means the court divides your property. It may also have an effect on spousal support and support payment. Some state courts contemplate "marital misconduct" once deciding such problems.

A lawyer will facilitate

The law encompassing grounds for divorce is sophisticated. Plus, the facts of every case are distinctive. this text provides a short, general introduction to the subject. For a lot of elaborate, specific info, please contact a lawyer.

Loan Student


Loan Forgiveness



One of the best opportunities for wired school graduates is student “loan forgiveness” or “loan repayment” programs. These programs supply to eliminate some or all of your student loans reciprocally for selecting sure careers, military service, and even volunteer work.
Such programs will eliminate anyplace from a number of thousand bucks to over $100,000 of student loans. Ironically, several of those programs receive a comparatively little variety of applications indicating that a lot of graduates area unit utterly unaware of those opportunities.

Loan Forgiveness vs. Loan compensation



Student loan forgiveness programs area unit those backed by the centralized and canopy loans issued through Federal programs like Stafford and Perkins Loans . after you participate in one amongst these programs, parts of your debt are actually “erased” from your lender’s books.
Student loan compensation programs, that area unit a lot of widespread than forgiveness programs, could also be accustomed eliminate any sort of loan together with non-public loans. underneath these programs, you either receive extra funds that you just will use to pay down your loan, or a payment is formed on to your loaner by your leader.

Despite what some false headlines creating the rounds on Apr one and earlier have aforementioned, President Barack Obama won't forgive all student loans.
Regardless of what you’ve seen, or what you'll hope, there’s no government order coming back to wipe your student loan slate clean. However, that doesn’t mean there aren’t real ways in which to urge obviate your student loans while not paying them.

The Consumer money Protection Bureau estimates that concerning one-quarter of staff within the U.S.qualify for Public Service Loan Forgiveness and fail to require advantage of it. That’s a real story that sounds exhausting to believe.
Make sure the prank isn’t on you by sorting out these answers to usually asked questions on the program.



1. what's Public Service Loan Forgiveness? This federal program eliminates, or forgives, federal student loans for specific borrowers. To qualify, you want to be used full time in associate eligible public service or noncommercial job, and you want to have created a hundred and twenty eligible on-time payments in no but ten years.






Payments don’t ought to be consecutive, thus you'll be able to step by step work toward forgiveness over time. However, solely eligible payments created throughout eligible employment count toward that a hundred and twenty variety.

2. What counts as associate eligible payment?  Any payment created on a loan from the government’s loan program is eligible. If you have got alternative federal loans, you'll be able to consolidate them into this program to doubtless qualify. However, any payments you’ve created up till that time won’t count toward your a hundred and twenty.

3. What jobs area unit eligible? many folks assume that solely lecturers, social staff or alternative public servants area unit eligible for this program, however that’s a complete story.
The truth is that it’s not what you are doing that produces you eligible for loan forgiveness, however rather whom you are doing it for. Any worker UN agency works full time at public or noncommercial establishments are often eligible for forgiveness. Yes, anyone – whether or not you pay some time within the council chamber or the mailroom, you'll be able to qualify if you create eligible payments.

4. however am i able to tell if my job is eligible? the simplest approach is to raise your leader. As a part of their push to boost awareness concerning loan compensation choices, the patron money Protection Bureau created ahandy guide to assist your leader assist you. If your human resources team isn’t certain whether or not your company qualifies, that guide ought to purpose them within the right direction.
Some eligible employers embody AmeriCorps, organization and plenty of 501(c)(3) nonprofits, together with those within the public interest law, health and incapacity services fields. Labor unions and partisan political organizations aren't eligible, even though they're nonprofits.
Workers at spiritual organizations are ineligible, however as long as their job functions embody participating in spiritual activities associated with spiritual instruction, worship services or any type of proselytizing.

5. however do I apply? Contact your student loan servicer – the corporate you create your payments to – and ensure their procedure. transfer a PSLF Employment Certification to assist you track your progress.
You can submit that kind to your servicer once a year. If you don’t do that, you may be chargeable for manufacturing pay stubs or alternative proof that you just worked at associate eligible leader after you formally apply for forgiveness.
6. area unit there alternative forgiveness programs available? fully. Multiple federal and state loan forgiveness programs exist. look at this loan forgiveness e-book from SALT™ for associate almost-comprehensive list.

One of the best opportunities for wired school graduates is student “loan forgiveness” or “loan repayment” programs. These programs supply to eliminate some or all of your student loans reciprocally for selecting sure careers, military service, and even volunteer work.
Such programs will eliminate anyplace from a number of thousand bucks to over $100,000 of student loans. Ironically, several of those programs receive a comparatively little variety of applications indicating that a lot of graduates area unit utterly unaware of those opportunities.

Loan Forgiveness vs. Loan compensation
Student loan forgiveness programs area unit those backed by the centralized and canopy loans issued through Federal programs like Stafford and Perkins Loans . after you participate in one amongst these programs, parts of your debt are actually “erased” from your lender’s books.
Student loan compensation programs, that area unit a lot of widespread than forgiveness programs, could also be accustomed eliminate any sort of loan together with non-public loans. underneath these programs, you either receive extra funds that you just will use to pay down your loan, or a payment is formed on to your loaner by your leader.

Despite what some false headlines creating the rounds on Apr one and earlier have aforementioned, President Barack Obama won't forgive all student loans.
Regardless of what you’ve seen, or what you'll hope, there’s no government order coming back to wipe your student loan slate clean. However, that doesn’t mean there aren’t real ways in which to urge obviate your student loans while not paying them.

The Consumer money Protection Bureau estimates that concerning one-quarter of staff within the U.S.qualify for Public Service Loan Forgiveness and fail to require advantage of it. That’s a real story that sounds exhausting to believe.
Make sure the prank isn’t on you by sorting out these answers to usually asked questions on the program.

1. what's Public Service Loan Forgiveness? This federal program eliminates, or forgives, federal student loans for specific borrowers. To qualify, you want to be used full time in associate eligible public service or noncommercial job, and you want to have created a hundred and twenty eligible on-time payments in no but ten years.
Payments don’t ought to be consecutive, thus you'll be able to step by step work toward forgiveness over time. However, solely eligible payments created throughout eligible employment count toward that a hundred and twenty variety.

2. What counts as associate eligible payment?  Any payment created on a loan from the government’s loan program is eligible. If you have got alternative federal loans, you'll be able to consolidate them into this program to doubtless qualify. However, any payments you’ve created up till that time won’t count toward your a hundred and twenty.

3. What jobs area unit eligible? many folks assume that solely lecturers, social staff or alternative public servants area unit eligible for this program, however that’s a complete story.
The truth is that it’s not what you are doing that produces you eligible for loan forgiveness, however rather whom you are doing it for. Any worker UN agency works full time at public or noncommercial establishments are often eligible for forgiveness. Yes, anyone – whether or not you pay some time within the council chamber or the mailroom, you'll be able to qualify if you create eligible payments.

4. however am i able to tell if my job is eligible? the simplest approach is to raise your leader. As a part of their push to boost awareness concerning loan compensation choices, the patron money Protection Bureau created ahandy guide to assist your leader assist you. If your human resources team isn’t certain whether or not your company qualifies, that guide ought to purpose them within the right direction.
Some eligible employers embody AmeriCorps, organization and plenty of 501(c)(3) nonprofits, together with those within the public interest law, health and incapacity services fields. Labor unions and partisan political organizations aren't eligible, even though they're nonprofits.
Workers at spiritual organizations are ineligible, however as long as their job functions embody participating in spiritual activities associated with spiritual instruction, worship services or any type of proselytizing.

5. however do I apply? Contact your student loan servicer – the corporate you create your payments to – and ensure their procedure. transfer a PSLF Employment Certification to assist you track your progress.
You can submit that kind to your servicer once a year. If you don’t do that, you may be chargeable for manufacturing pay stubs or alternative proof that you just worked at associate eligible leader after you formally apply for forgiveness.

6. area unit there alternative forgiveness programs available? fully. Multiple federal and state loan forgiveness programs exist. look at this loan forgiveness e-book from SALT™ for associate almost-comprehensive list.

Car insurance




How Car Insurance Works



If you own your own automobile, you almost certainly already grasp a little regarding automobile insurance. you will have detected the words deductible or premium. But, does one really perceive the various elements of associate machine policy and does one savvy to decide on the simplest coverage?

Forty-seven states need that you simply have a minimum of some reasonably automobile insurance, thus it is a smart plan to understand what the law needs you to own associated what further or no mandatory coverage can facilitate to shield you within the event of an accident.

Before getting machine insurance, you want to take into account a spread of things as well as what reasonably automobile you have got, your driving record and also the quantity of cash you're willing to pay.

Understanding the straightforward basics of machine insurance can cause you to assured that the automobile insurance policy you decide on can pay attention of your desires within the event of associate accident.



In this article, we are going to walk you thru the kinds of coverage that insurance corporations supply and discuss doable insurance desires. in addition we are going to scrutinize what affects the worth of machine insurance, the way to bring the prices down and the way to know the elements of your policy.

We'll begin with the various sorts of coverage you'll choose between on subsequent page.


Types of motor vehicle Coverage




Everyone World Health Organization drives wants automobile insurance. In fact, most states need it by law. after you purchase automobile insurance, you're shopping for what's referred to as a policy. Your policy relies on a range of things as well as what reasonably automotive you drive similarly as what reasonably insurance you would like. motor vehicle insurance policies are literally a package of various kinds of coverage.

The first step in understanding associate degree motor vehicle policy is to find out the varied kinds of coverage insurance corporations provide. a number of this coverage could also be needed by your state and a few of the coverage could also be ex gratia.

Liability - This coverage pays for accidental bodily injury and property damages to others. Injury damages embrace medical expenses, pain and suffering and lost wages. Property harm includes broken property and cars. This coverage conjointly pays defense and court prices. State laws verify what proportion liability coverage you want to purchase, however you'll invariably get a lot of coverage than your state needs.

Collision - This coverage pays for damages to your vehicle caused by collision with another vehicle or object.

Comprehensive - This coverage pays for loss or harm to the insured vehicle that does not occur in associate degree motor vehicle accident. the categories of damages comprehensive insurance covers embrace loss caused by hearth, wind, hail, flood, mischief-making or felony.

Medical Coverage - Pays medical expenses in spite of fault once the expenses square measure caused by associate degree motor vehicle accident.



PIP - Personal Injury Protection (PIP) is needed in some states. This coverage pays medical expenses for the insured driver, in spite of fault, for treatment because of associate degree motor vehicle accident.

Uninsured driver - Pays your car's damages once associate degree motor vehicle accident is caused by a driver World Health Organization does not have insurance.

Underinsured driver - Pays your car's damages once associate degree motor vehicle accident is caused by somebody World Health Organization has insufficient  insurance.

Rental compensation - this sort of coverage pays for a rental automotive if your automotive is broken because of associate degree motor vehicle accident. typically this coverage encompasses a daily allowance for a rental automotive.

Many insurance policies mix variety of those kinds of coverage. the primary step in selecting the insurance you would like for your automotive is to grasp the laws in your state. this can tell you the minimum insurance you would like for your automotive. It's smart to stay in mind that, simply because your state might not need in depth insurance, additional coverage could also be well worth the expense. After all, nobody desires to be cursed  thousands of greenbacks value of bills owing to associate degree motor vehicle accident.
Now, let's take a glance at a way to verify your insurance wants.

Understanding Your automobile Insurance wants
Just because your state needs a minimum quantity of insurance does not imply that is precisely what you ought to purchase. In fact, most motorists purchase additional coverage than their state needs in order that they're coated for a range of issues -- not merely a fender bender. so as to higher confirm your automobile insurance wants, contemplate these 5 guidelines:
Know Your State Laws
Remember that 47 states need that you just purchase insurance. insurance is what pays for bodily injury and property harm that you just cause another driver. Fifteen states together with FL, Maryland, Michigan, Massachusetts, ny and New Jersey additionally need that you just get Personal Injury Protection (PIP). This coverage pays for your medical expenses associated lost wages within the event of an automobile accident. Your insurance minimum can presumably be determined by state law, however many folks ar inspired to get quite is needed.
Know Your choices
There ar plenty of insurance options; however knowing what you presumably can want is that the key to creating positive you're befittingly coated. does one need coverage for a rental automotive if your automotive is damaged? does one need associate extended pledge to procure elements and labor if your automotive breaks down? If your automotive is chartered , you may most likely want gap insurance that pays for the distinction between what your nondepository financial institution pays and what you owe on your lease if the automotive is totally destroyed.
Know How a lot of cash you wish to pay
If you recognize your state laws and have examined your personal wants, currently you'll be able to place along the various items of automobile coverage in one total policy. the primary piece of the policy is nearly continuously insurance. If you merely have minimum liability coverage and you injure somebody, their lawyer will follow your personal assets. So, you wish to grasp your assets associated what you'll be able to afford to lose within the event of an accident. several insurers feel that minimum liability may be a gamble. In fact, that's why it's usually solely slightly extra money for additional protection. After all, if you are doing get into associate accident, it's far better for the no depository financial institution to be accountable than for you to be in person accountable. keep in mind to run through numerous eventualities like if I destroyed somebody else's automotive, can my insurance cowl it? what proportion can I actually have to disburse of my very own pocket? The associateswers to those sorts of queries can confirm what coverage causes you to feel most assured ought to an accident happen.

Know Your Vehicle

If your automotive was destroyed, would you be ready to afford to switch it? If not, you may need comprehensive and collision coverage. the choice to shop for this coverage is typically supported the worth of your automotive. tips sometimes counsel that if your automotive is price but $2,000, it will not be worthwhile to shop for comprehensive and collision. If you own a $50,000 automotive tho', it'd most definitely be worthwhile to pay an additional $200 annually just about to insure that your automotive are replaced if you get in a very serious accident.

Know About Your alternative Insurance

Many people do not understand that alternative sorts of insurance together with insurance associated owners insurance might procure damages owing to an automobile accident. for example, if you have got comprehensive health coverage, you most likely will not want quite the minimum needed Personal Injury Protection (PIP). ensure you recognize what coverage you have already got in order that you do not purchase excess coverage.

The best thanks to comprehend your own automobile insurance wants is to look at potential policies and savvy a lot of you're willing to gamble. for example, it should not be worthwhile to you to get collision insurance if your automotive isn't unbelievably valuable and would thus value less to mend than to stay insured. automobile insurance is solely regarding what proportion you're willing to disburse of your own pocket versus what proportion you wish the nondepository financial institution to hide. Once you choose this, you are prepared to get your automobile policy.

organization management



Introduction

•      A set-up where individuals from diverse backgrounds, different educational qualifications and varied interests come together to work towards a common goal is called an organization.

•      The employees must work in close coordination with each other and try their level best to achieve the organization’s goals.


•      It is essential to manage the employees well for them to feel indispensable for the organization.
•      Organization management helps to extract the best out of each employee so that they accomplish the tasks within the given time frame.
•      Organization management binds the employees together and gives them a sense of loyalty towards the organization.


Essential Features of Organization Management

•      Planning
–    Prepare an effective business plan. It is essential to decide on the future course of action to avoid confusions later on.
–    Plan out how you intend to do things.

•      Organizing
–    Organizing refers to the judicious use of resources to achieve the best out of the employees.
–    Prepare a monthly budget for smooth cash flow.

•      Staffing
–    Poor organization management leads to unhappy employees who eventually create problems for themselves as well as the organization.
–    Recruit the right talent for the organization.*

•      Leading
–    The managers or superiors must set clear targets for the team members.
–    A leader must make sure his team members work in unison towards a common objective. He is the one who decides what would be right in a particular situation.

•      Control
–    The superiors must be aware of what is happening around them.
–    Hierarchies should be well defined for an effective management.
–    The reporting bosses must review the performance and progress of their subordinates and guide them whenever required.
•      Time Management
–    An effective time management helps the employees to do the right thing at the right time.
–    Managing time effectively always pays in the long run.

•      7/ Motivation
–    Motivation goes a long way in binding the employees together.
–    Appreciating the employees for their good work or lucrative incentive schemes go a long way in motivating the employees and make them work for a longer span of time.

Management Style - Meaning and Different Types of Styles

•      The art of getting employees together on a common platform and extracting the best out of them refers to effective organization management.
•      Management plays an important role in strengthening the bond amongst the employees and making them work together as a single unit. It is the management’s responsibility to ensure that employees are satisfied with their job responsibilities and eventually deliver their level best.
•      The management must understand its employees well and strive hard to fulfill their expectations for a stress free ambience at the workplace.

What is Management Style ?


•      Every leader has a unique style of handling the employees (Juniors/Team). The various ways of dealing with the subordinates at the workplace is called as management style.
•      The superiors must decide on the future course of action as per the existing culture and conditions at the workplace. The nature of employees and their mindsets also affect the management style of working.
Different Management Styles

•     Autocratic Style of Working
–    In such a style of working, the superiors do not take into consideration the ideas and suggestions of the subordinates.
–    The managers, leaders and superiors have the sole responsibility of taking decisions without bothering much about the subordinates.
–    The employees are totally dependent on their bosses and do not have the liberty to take decisions on their own.
–    The subordinates in such a style of working simply adhere to the guidelines and policies formulated by their bosses. They do not have a say in management’s decisions.
–    Whatever the superiors feel is right for the organization eventually becomes the company’s policies.
–    Employees lack motivation in autocratic style of working.

•     Paternalistic Style of Working
•      In paternalistic style of working, the leaders decide what is best for the employees as well as the organization.
•      Policies are devised to benefit the employees and the organization.
•      The suggestions and feedback of the subordinates are taken into consideration before deciding something.
•      In such a style of working, employees feel attached and loyal towards their organization.
•      Employees stay motivated and enjoy their work rather than treating it as a burden.
•     Democratic Style of Working:
•      In such a style of working, superiors welcome the feedback of the subordinates.
•      Employees are invited on an open forum to discuss the pros and cons of plans and ideas.
•      Democratic style of working ensures effective and healthy communication between the management and the employees.
•      The superiors listen to what the employees have to say before finalizing on something.

•      Laissez-Faire Style of Working
–    In such a style of working, managers are employed just for the sake of it and do not contribute much to the organization.
–    The employees take decisions and manage work on their own.
–    Individuals who have the dream of making it big in the organization and desire to do something innovative every time outshine others who attend office for fun.
–    Employees are not dependent on the managers and know what is right or wrong for them.

Section II –management skills


•      To be successful, there are many skills a manager needs to master. The adapted Kammy Hatnes' pyramid structure allow us to show the increasingly difficult management skills that a manager must master at each level and to also display how these management skills build on each other to help him achieve success in his management career.
•      The result is the Management skills pyramid. Each level of the Management Skills Pyramid is listed below.

The Management Skills Pyramid, Level 1


•      shows the basic skills a manager must master just to get the job done. These are the fundamentals of the management job:
•      Plan
•      Organize
•      Direct
•      Control

The Management Skills Pyramid, Level 2
•      After you have mastered the basic skills in level 1, you need to move on and develop your skills on Level 2 of the Management Skills Pyramid. These are the management skills that you use to develop your staff. There are many specific skills required, and these are discussed in Level 2 of the Management Skills Pyramid, but they are grouped into these categories:
•      Motivation
•      Training and Coaching
•      Employee Involvement

The Management Skills Pyramid, Level 3


•      When you have become skilled in developing your staff, it's time to focus on Level 3 of the Management Skills Pyramid, improving your own development. These management skills are grouped as:
•      Self Management and
•      Time Management
•      Time management gets its own category because it is so important to your success in all the other skills.

The Management Skills Pyramid, Top Level
•      The peak of the Management Skills Pyramid, the single skill that will help you the most in developing success in your management career, is leadership.
•      As you develop your skill as a leader, as you make the transition from manager to leader, you will achieve the success you truly want in your management career.

Conclusion


•      You can probably become a manager without having all of these skills, but you’ll need all of them to be really successful and to get promoted to higher levels of management.
•       For every one of these skills, there are various levels of performance. No one expects a new manager to be superior at every one of these skills, but you should be aware of all of them, and you should do everything you can to learn more about each skill. Some of that learning will come through education. But much of the learning will come through experience — trial and error.

•      Just learn as much as you can about each skill, take nothing for granted, and focus on doing the very best that you can do. Learn from your mistakes and try not to repeat them. And ask for feedback — in many cases you won’t know what you could do better unless someone tells you.

The strategic management as a successful way of conducting a business

1  - workplace politics

introduction

•      Have you heard of Enterprise Rent-A-Car?
•      Hertz, Avis, and National Car Rental operations are much more visible at airports. Yet Enterprise owns more cars and operates in more locations than Hertz or Avis. Enterprise began operations in St. Louis in 1957, but didn’t locate at an airport until 1995. It is the largest rental car company in North America, but only 230 out of its 7,000 worldwide offices are at airports. In virtually ignoring the highly competitive airport market, Enterprise has chosen a cost leadership competitive strategy by marketing to people in need of a spare car at neighborhood locations.
•      Its offices are within 15 miles of 90% of the U.S. population. Instead of locating many cars at a few high-priced locations at airports, Enterprise sets up inexpensive offices throughout metropolitan areas.
•      As a result, cars are rented for 30% less than they cost at airports. As soon as one branch office grows to about 150 cars, the company opens another rental office a few miles away. People are increasingly renting from Enterprise even when their current car works fine. According to CEO Andy Taylor, “We call it a ‘virtual car.’ Small-business people who have to pick up clients call us when they want something better than their own car.”
•      Why is this competitive strategy so successful for Enterprise even though its locations are now being imitated by Hertz and Avis?
•      The secret to Enterprise’s success is its well-executed strategy implementation. Clearly laid out programs, budgets, and procedures support the company’s competitive strategy by making Enterprise stand out in the mind of the consumer. It was ranked on Business Week’s list of “Customer Service Champs” in both 2007 and 2008.
•      When a new rental office opens, employees spend time developing relationships with the service managers of every auto dealership and body shop in the area. Enterprise employees bring pizza and doughnuts to workers at the auto garages across the country.
•      Enterprise forms agreements with dealers to provide replacements for cars brought in for service. At major accounts, the company actually staffs an office at the dealership and has cars parked outside so customers don’t have to go to an Enterprise office to complete paperwork.
•      One key to implementation at Enterprise is staffing—hiring and promoting a certain kind of person.
•      According to COO Donald Ross, “We hire from the half of the college class that makes the upper half possible. We want athletes, fraternity types—especially fraternity presidents and social directorspeople.” These new employees begin as management trainees. Instead of regular raises, their pay is tied to branch office profits.
•      Another key to implementation at Enterprise is leading—specifying clear performance objectives and promoting a team-oriented corporate culture. The company stresses promotion from within and advancement based on performance.
•      Every Enterprise employee, including top executives, starts at the bottom. As a result, a bond of shared experience connects all employees and managers. Enterprise was included in Business Week’s “50 Best Places to Launch a Career” three years in a row. To reinforce a cohesive culture of camaraderie, senior executives routinely do “grunt work” at branch offices.
•      Even Andy Taylor, the CEO, joins the work. “We were visiting an office in Berkeley and it was mobbed, so I started cleaning cars,” says Taylor. “As it was happening, I wondered if it was a good use of my time, but the effect on morale was tremendous.”
•      Because the financial results of every branch office and every region are available to all, the collegial culture stimulates good-natured competition. “We’re this close to beating out Middlesex,” grins Woody Erhardt, an area manager in New Jersey. “I want to pound them into the ground. If they lose, they have to throw a party for us, and we get to decide what they wear.”
•      This example from Enterprise Rent-A-Car illustrates how a strategy must be implemented with carefully considered programs in order to succeed. We have to discuss strategy implementation in terms of staffing and leading. Staffing focuses on the selection and use of employees. Leading emphasizes the use of programs to better align employee interests and attitudes with a new strategy.

Staffing

•      The implementation of new strategies and policies often calls for new human resource management priorities and a different use of personnel. Such staffing issues can involve hiring new people with new skills, firing people with inappropriate or substandard skills, and/or training existing employees to learn new skills. Research demonstrates that companies with enlightened talent-management policies and programs have higher returns on sales, investments, assets, and equity.
•      This is especially important given that it takes an average of 8 days for an Tunisian company to fill a job vacancy at an average cost per hire of 4dt
•      If growth strategies are to be implemented, new people may need to be hired and trained. Experienced people with the necessary skills need to be found for promotion to newly created managerial positions. When a corporation follows a growth through acquisition strategy, it may find that it needs to replace several managers in the acquired company.
•      The percentage of an acquired company’s top management team that either quit or was asked to leave is around 25% after the first year, 35% after the second year, 48% after the third year, 55% after the fourth year, and 61% after five years
•      In addition, executives who join an acquired company after the acquisition quit at significantly higher-than-normal rates beginning in their second year. Executives continue to depart at higher-than-normal rates for nine years after the acquisition.
•      Turnover rates of executives in firms acquired by foreign firms are significantly higher than for firms acquired by domestic firms, primarily in the fourth and fifth years after the acquisition
•      It is one thing to lose excess employees after a merger, but it is something else to lose highly skilled people who are difficult to replace. In a study of 40 mergers, 90% of the acquiring companies in the 15 successful mergers identified key employees and targeted them for retention within 30 days after the announcement. In contrast, this task was carried out only in one-third of the unsuccessful acquisitions.
•       To deal with integration issues such as these, some companies are appointing special integration managers to shepherd companies through the implementation process.
•      The job of the integrator is to prepare a competitive profile of the combined company in terms of its strengths and weaknesses, draft an ideal profile of what the combined company should look like, develop action plans to close the gap between the actuality and the ideal, and establish training programs to unite the combined company and to make it more competitive.
•      To be a successful integration manager, a person should have (1) a deep knowledge of the acquiring company, (2) a flexible management style, (3) an ability to work in cross-functional project teams, (4) a willingness to work independently, and (5) sufficient emotional and cultural intelligence to work well with people from all backgrounds
•      If a corporation adopts a retrenchment strategy, however, a large number of people may need to be laid off or fired (in many instances, being laid off is the same as being fired); and top management, as well as the divisional managers, needs to specify the criteria to be used in making these personnel decisions. Should employees be fired on the basis of low seniority or on the basis of poor performance?
•      Sometimes corporations find it easier to close or sell off an entire division than to choose•      which individuals to fire.

SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT

•      Selection and development are important not only to ensure that people with the right mix of skills and experiences are initially hired but also to help them grow on the job so that they might be prepared for future promotions.
•      Executive Succession: is the process of replacing a key top manager. The average tenure of a chief executive of a large U.S. company declined from nearly nine years in 1980 to six years in 2006. 
•      Given that two-thirds of all major corporations worldwide replace their CEO at least once in a five-year period, it is important that the firm plan for this eventuality. It is especially important for a company that usually promotes from within to prepare its current managers for promotion.
•      For example, companies using relay executive succession, in which a candidate is groomed to take over the CEO position, have significantly higher performance than those that hire someone from the outside or hold a competition between internal candidates.
•      Some of the best practices for top management succession are encouraging boards to help the CEO create a succession plan, identifying succession candidates below the top layer, measuring internal candidates against outside candidates to ensure the development of a comprehensive set of skills, and providing appropriate financial incentives.
•      Prosperous firms tend to look outside for CEO candidates only if they have no obvious internal candidates.
•      Firms in trouble, however, overwhelmingly choose outsiders to lead them (the best way to force a change in strategy is to hire a new CEO who has no connections to the current strategy)

Identifying Abilities and Potential


•      A company can identify and prepare its people for important positions in several ways. One approach is to establish a sound performance appraisal system to identify good performers with promotion potential.
•      Doug Pelino, chief talent officer at Xerox, keeps a list of about 100 managers in middle management and at the vice presidential levels who have been selected to receive special training, leadership experience, and mentorship to become the next generation of top management•      A company should examine its human resource system to ensure not only that people are being hired without regard to their racial, ethnic, or religious background, but also that they are being identified for training and promotion in the same manner.
•      Management diversity could be a competitive advantage in a multi-ethnic world. With more women in the workplace, an increasing number are moving into top management, but are demanding more flexible career ladders to allow for family responsibilities.
•      Many large organizations are using assessment centers to evaluate a person’s suitability for an advanced position. Corporations such as AT&T, Standard Oil, IBM, Sears, and GE have successfully used assessment centers.
•      Job rotation—moving people from one job to another—is also used in many large corporations to ensure that employees are gaining the appropriate mix of experiences to prepare them for future responsibilities. Rotating people among divisions is one way that a corporation can improve the level of organizational learning. General Electric routinly rotates its executives from one sector to a completely different one to learn the skills of managing in different  industries.

•      A set-up where individuals from diverse backgrounds, different educational qualifications and varied interests come together to work towards a common goal is called an organization.
•      The employees must work in close coordination with each other and try their level best to achieve the organization’s goals.

•      It is essential to manage the employees well for them to feel indispensable for the organization.•      Organization management helps to extract the best out of each employee so that they accomplish the tasks within the given time frame.•      Organization management binds the employees together and gives them a sense of loyalty towards the organization.
Essential Features of Organization Management
•      Planning–    Prepare an effective business plan. It is essential to decide on the future course of action to avoid confusions later on.–    Plan out how you intend to do things.
•      Organizing–    Organizing refers to the judicious use of resources to achieve the best out of the employees.–    Prepare a monthly budget for smooth cash flow.
•      Staffing–    Poor organization management leads to unhappy employees who eventually create problems for themselves as well as the organization.–    Recruit the right talent for the organization.*
•      Leading–    The managers or superiors must set clear targets for the team members.–    A leader must make sure his team members work in unison towards a common objective. He is the one who decides what would be right in a particular situation.
•      Control–    The superiors must be aware of what is happening around them.–    Hierarchies should be well defined for an effective management.–    The reporting bosses must review the performance and progress of their subordinates and guide them whenever required.•      Time Management–    An effective time management helps the employees to do the right thing at the right time.–    Managing time effectively always pays in the long run.
•      Motivation–    Motivation goes a long way in binding the employees together.–    Appreciating the employees for their good work or lucrative incentive schemes go a long way in motivating the employees and make them work for a longer span of time.

Management Style - Meaning and Different Types of Styles

•      The art of getting employees together on a common platform and extracting the best out of them refers to effective organization management.•      Management plays an important role in strengthening the bond amongst the employees and making them work together as a single unit. It is the management’s responsibility to ensure that employees are satisfied with their job responsibilities and eventually deliver their level best.•      The management must understand its employees well and strive hard to fulfill their expectations for a stress free ambience at the workplace.What is Management Style ?
•      Every leader has a unique style of handling the employees (Juniors/Team). The various ways of dealing with the subordinates at the workplace is called as management style.•      The superiors must decide on the future course of action as per the existing culture and conditions at the workplace. The nature of employees and their mindsets also affect the management style of working.

Different Management Styles

•     Autocratic Style of Working–    In such a style of working, the superiors do not take into consideration the ideas and suggestions of the subordinates.–    The managers, leaders and superiors have the sole responsibility of taking decisions without bothering much about the subordinates.–    The employees are totally dependent on their bosses and do not have the liberty to take decisions on their own.–    The subordinates in such a style of working simply adhere to the guidelines and policies formulated by their bosses. They do not have a say in management’s decisions.–    Whatever the superiors feel is right for the organization eventually becomes the company’s policies.–    Employees lack motivation in autocratic style of working.
•     Paternalistic Style of Working•      In paternalistic style of working, the leaders decide what is best for the employees as well as the organization.•      Policies are devised to benefit the employees and the organization.•      The suggestions and feedback of the subordinates are taken into consideration before deciding something.•      In such a style of working, employees feel attached and loyal towards their organization.•      Employees stay motivated and enjoy their work rather than treating it as a burden.•     Democratic Style of Working:•      In such a style of working, superiors welcome the feedback of the subordinates.•      Employees are invited on an open forum to discuss the pros and cons of plans and ideas.•      Democratic style of working ensures effective and healthy communication between the management and the employees.•      The superiors listen to what the employees have to say before finalizing on something.
•      Laissez-Faire Style of Working–    In such a style of working, managers are employed just for the sake of it and do not contribute much to the organization.–    The employees take decisions and manage work on their own.–    Individuals who have the dream of making it big in the organization and desire to do something innovative every time outshine others who attend office for fun.–    Employees are not dependent on the managers and know what is right or wrong for them.

Section II –management skills

•      To be successful, there are many skills a manager needs to master. The adapted Kammy Hatnes' pyramid structure allow us to show the increasingly difficult management skills that a manager must master at each level and to also display how these management skills build on each other to help him achieve success in his management career.•      The result is the Management skills pyramid. Each level of the Management Skills Pyramid is listed below.

The Management Skills Pyramid, Level 1

•      shows the basic skills a manager must master just to get the job done. These are the fundamentals of the management job:•      Plan•      Organize•      Direct•      Control
The Management Skills Pyramid, Level 2•      After you have mastered the basic skills in level 1, you need to move on and develop your skills on Level 2 of the Management Skills Pyramid. These are the management skills that you use to develop your staff. There are many specific skills required, and these are discussed in Level 2 of the Management Skills Pyramid, but they are grouped into these categories:•      Motivation•      Training and Coaching•      Employee Involvement
The Management Skills Pyramid, Level 3
•      When you have become skilled in developing your staff, it's time to focus on Level 3 of the Management Skills Pyramid, improving your own development. These management skills are grouped as:•      Self Management and•      Time Management•      Time management gets its own category because it is so important to your success in all the other skills.

The Management Skills Pyramid, Top Level

•      The peak of the Management Skills Pyramid, the single skill that will help you the most in developing success in your management career, is leadership.•      As you develop your skill as a leader, as you make the transition from manager to leader, you will achieve the success you truly want in your management career.
Conclusion
•      You can probably become a manager without having all of these skills, but you’ll need all of them to be really successful and to get promoted to higher levels of management. •       For every one of these skills, there are various levels of performance. No one expects a new manager to be superior at every one of these skills, but you should be aware of all of them, and you should do everything you can to learn more about each skill. Some of that learning will come through education. But much of the learning will come through experience — trial and error.
•      Just learn as much as you can about each skill, take nothing for granted, and focus on doing the very best that you can do. Learn from your mistakes and try not to repeat them. And ask for feedback — in many cases you won’t know what you could do better unless someone tells you.